Everything about Tehuacan totally explained
Tehuacán is the second largest city in the
Mexican state of
Puebla, nestled in the Southeast Valley of Tehuacán, bordering the states of
Oaxaca and
Veracruz. The 2005 census reported a population of 238,229 in the city and 260,923 in its surrounding
municipality of the same name, of which it serves as municipal seat. The municipality has an area of 390.36 km² (150.72 sq mi).
Originally a
Native American settlement, it became officially a city in the
Viceroyalty of New Spain in
1660. According to the archaeologist
Richard Stockton MacNeish, the Valley of Tehuacán is the first place
maize was ever cultivated by humankind. He arrived at this conclusion when he found over 10,000
teoscintle cobs in what is now known as the Cave of Coxcatlan.
In the late twentieth century, the city was well known for its
mineral springs. In fact,
Peñafiel (now owned by
Cadbury Schweppes), a well known
soft drinks manufacturer, extracts water from these wells for use in their products. Tehuacán also has an important cluster of
poultry producers, making the city and its surroundings one of the most important egg producing regions in Mexico.
In the nineties, Tehuacán saw a flood of textile
maquiladoras set up shop in the city and surrounding areas. These textile maquiladoras principally put together blue jeans for export. At the height of the maquila (short for maquiladora) boom, there were about 700 maquilas in town. While this situation created a negative unemployment (zero unemployment) and the maquilas sought workers as far away as
Orizaba and
Córdoba in the neighboring state of
Veracruz, it also created an urban and environmental nightmare. In one decade, Tehuacán went from being a town of 150,000 inhabitants to a city of 360,000. When the maquilas left in the late nineties, a severe unemployment crisis ensued, which is still being felt today.
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